Outcomes of Research or Clinical Trials Activity Levels Acute Flaccid Paralysis Ageing Anaerobic Threshold Anaesthesia Assistive Technology Brain Cardiorespiratory Cardiovascular Clinical Evaluation Cold Intolerance Complementary Therapies Continence Coping Styles and Strategies Cultural Context Diagnosis and Management Differential Diagnosis Drugs Dysphagia Dysphonia Epidemiology Exercise Falls Fatigue Fractures Gender Differences Immune Response Inflammation Late Effects of Polio Muscle Strength Muscular Atrophy Orthoses Pain Polio Immunisation Post-Polio Motor Unit Psychology Quality of Life Renal Complications Respiratory Complications and Management Restless Legs Syndrome Sleep Analaysis Surgery Vitality Vocational Implications

Title order Author order Journal order Date order
Category: Ageing, Late Effects of Polio

Title: A Review of Secondary Health Conditions in Post-Polio Syndrome: Prevalence and Effects of Aging
Author: Thomas E. McNalley, MD, MA, Kathryn M. Yorkston, PhD1, Mark P. Jensen, PhD1, Anjali R. Truitt, MPH1, Katherine G. Schomer, MA1, Carolyn Baylor, PhD1, and Ivan R. Molton, PhD1
Affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
Journal: American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
Citation: 94(2): 139–145. doi:10.1097/PHM.0000000000000166
Publication Year and Month: 2015 02

Abstract: Objective—This study seeks to better understand the prevalence and severity of secondary health conditions in individuals with post-polio syndrome (PPS), and the association between these conditions and aging.

Design—A scoping literature review was conducted searching electronic databases for studies published from 1986 – 2011. The scoping review provided information regarding the prevalence and associations of secondary health conditions in PPS with age or other duration-related variables.

Results—The findings indicate that: (1) individuals with PPS experience a number of serious secondary health conditions; (2) the most common conditions or symptoms are fatigue, pain, respiratory and sleep complaints, and increased risk of falls; (3) reports of the associations between the frequency or severity of conditions and age-related factors are variable, perhaps because of methodological inconsistencies between studies; and (4) there is a marked lack of longitudinal research examining the natural course of health conditions in people aging with PPS.

Conclusions—Longitudinal research is needed to understand the course of health conditions and the impact of multiple secondary conditions in people aging with PPS. Efforts are also needed to develop and test the efficacy of interventions to prevent these health secondary conditions or reduce their negative impact.

Keywords
Post-Polio Syndrome; Secondary Conditions; Aging; Scoping Review

Conclusions: The key findings from this scoping review include the following: (1) people with PPS experience a large number of serious secondary health conditions, including fatigue, pain, depression, muscle weakness, pulmonary and sleep disorders, and falls; (2) although comparisons with normative samples are rare, one study suggests that depression has a greater impact on the lives of people with PPS than on the general population; and (3) a number of methodological issues limit our ability to interpret the findings related to the associations between secondary conditions and aging.

Outcome of Research: More research required

Availability of Paper: The full text of this paper has been generously made available by the publisher.

Comments (if any):

Link to Paper (if available): Click here to view full text or to download


Category: Ageing

Title: Aging and sequelae of poliomyelitis
Author: Laffont I, Julia M, Tiffreau V, Yelnik A, Herisson C, Pelissier J
Affiliation: centre hospitalier régional universitaire de Montpellier, hôpital Lapeyronie, France –
[email protected]
Journal: Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine
Citation: Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2010 Feb;53(1):24-33 – Epub 2009 Nov 10
Publication Year and Month: 2010 02

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: We estimate that there are about 50,000 persons who survived poliomyelitis in their childhood in France (mean age estimated between 50 and 65 years). After a few decades of stability, 30 to 65% of individuals who had been infected and recovered from polio begin to experience new signs and symptoms.

METHOD: Review of the literature on Pubmed with the following keywords "Poliomyelitis" and "Post-Polio Syndrome (PPS)".

RESULTS: These new signs and symptoms are characterized by muscular atrophy (decreased muscle mass), muscle weakness and fatigue, muscle and/or joint pain. All these symptoms lead to significant changes in mobility with falls and inability to carry on with daily life activities. There are several intricate causes. The normal aging process and weight gain are regularly blamed. Respiratory disorders and sleep disorders must be looked for: respiratory insufficiency, sleep-related breathing disorders such as sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome. Orthopedics complications are quite common: soft-tissue pathologies of the upper limbs, degenerative pathologies of the large joints or spinal cord, fall-related fractures. Finally, the onset of an authentic PPS is possible.

Conclusions: The therapeutic care of this late functional deterioration requires regular monitoring check-ups in order to implement preventive measures and appropriate treatment. This therapeutic care must be multidisciplinary as physical rehabilitation, orthotics and technical aids are all essential.

Outcome of Research:

Availability of Paper:

Comments (if any):

Link to Paper (if available):


Category: Ageing

Title: Changes in Post-Polio Survivors Over Five Years: Symptoms and Reactions to Treatments.
Author: Mary T. Westbrook, PhD.
Affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney.
Journal: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Citation: Proceedings of the 12th World Congress, International Federation of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sydney, March 1995.
Publication Year and Month: 1995 03

Abstract: A group of 176 people with post-polio syndrome, identified using Ramlow et al's (1992) criteria, took part in a 5 year follow-up survey. Most reported increased muscle weakness (91%), fatigue (91%), muscle pain (80%), joint pain (64%) and changes in walking (60%). Increases in other symptoms occurred in less than half the group. Cramps, sensitivity to cold, muscle atrophy and muscle twitching were the symptoms most likely to have stabilised. The average respondent reported greater difficulty in carrying out 4 of the 8 activities of daily living investigated. Respondents were significantly less anxious and depressed about their condition at follow-up. Degree of post-polio changes reported at the time of the first survey was a better predictor of decline during the five years than were initial polio histories or psycho-social variables. Health practitioners most likely to have been consulted were general practitioners and physiotherapists. Specialists in rehabilitation medicine were rated as providing more beneficial treatment than other medical practitioners. Treatments reported to provide good symptom relief included massage and water activities but not exercise. Life style modifications associated with pacing, reduced activity and rest were particularly effective. Overall 68% of respondents considered there was much they could do to control post-polio symptoms.

Conclusions: The results confirm and elaborate the findings of previous lengthier longitudinal studies of post-polio syndrome (Dalakas et al., 1986; Grimby et al., 1994; Mulder et al., 1972) The syndrome typically appears to he progressive with the symptoms increasingly interfering with activities of living. However over time most people in the sample studied coped by trying a range of remedies, particularly treatments prescribed by health practitioners and life style modifications. Many of these helped to alleviate symptoms and although respondents were physically less well at the time of follow-up, the group was significantly less anxious and depressed. However, respondents who had declined most over the five year period described their present lives less positively than did survivors whose symptoms had progressed more slowly.

Polio survivors who exhibited most symptoms of post-polio in the initial survey were those reporting greater progression over the next five years. The reason why may become more apparent when the etiology of post-polio syndrome, which is still not fully understood (Jubelt & Druker, 1993), is elucidated.

Outcome of Research: Not applicable

Availability of Paper: The full text of this paper has been generously made available by the publisher.

Comments (if any): Paul Cavendish (Clinical Health Educator): From a treatment perspective, the role of orthotists and Podiatrists may be increasingly important as Polio survivors age. A significant factor for improvement in lifestyle appears to come from lifestyle modification / strategies to minimise fatigue throughout daily tasks and activities.

Link to Paper (if available): Click here to view full text or to download


Category: Ageing

Title: Cognitive Behavior Therapy combined with Exercise for Adults with Chronic Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Author: Bernard P, Romain AJ, Caudroit J, Chevance G, Carayol M, Gourlan M, Dancause KN, Moullec G
Affiliation: Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Quebec , Canada.
Research Center, University Institute of Mental Health at Montreal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
Laboratory Epsylon, Dynamics of Human Abilities and Health Behavior, University of Montpellier,
Montpellier, France.

Journal: Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association
Citation: May 2018, Vol.37(5), pp.433-450
Publication Year and Month: 2018 05

Abstract: Objective. The present meta-analysis aimed to determine the overall effect of cognitive behavior therapy combined with physical exercise (CBTEx) interventions on depression, anxiety, fatigue, and pain in adults with chronic illness; to identify the potential moderators of efficacy; and to compare the efficacy of CBTEx versus each condition alone (CBT and physical exercise).
Methods. Relevant randomized clinical trials, published before July 2017, were identified through database searches in Pubmed, PsycArticles, CINAHL, SportDiscus and the Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials.
Results. A total of 30 studies were identified. CBTEx interventions yielded small-to-large effect sizes for depression (SMC = -0.34, 95% CI [-0.53; -0.14]), anxiety (SMC = -0.18, 95% CI [-0.34; -0.03]) and fatigue (SMC = -0.96, 95% CI [-1.43; -0.49]). Moderation analyses revealed that longer intervention was associated with greater effect sizes for depression and anxiety outcomes. Low methodological quality was also associated with increased CBTEx efficacy for depression. When compared directly, CBTEx interventions did not show greater efficacy than CBT alone or physical exercise alone for any of the outcomes.

Conclusions: Conclusion. The current literature suggests that CBTEx interventions are effective for decreasing
depression, anxiety, and fatigue symptoms, but not pain. However, the findings do not support an additive effect of CBT and exercise on any of the four outcomes compared to each condition alone.

Outcome of Research: More research required

Availability of Paper:

Comments (if any):

Link to Paper (if available): Click here to view full text or to download


Category: Ageing

Title: Currents issues in cardiorespiratory care of patients with post-polio syndrome
Author: Marco Orsini, Agnaldo J. Lopes, Fernando S. Guimarães, Marcos R. G. Freitas, Osvaldo J. M.
Nascimento, Mauricio de Sant’ Anna Junior, Pedro Moreira Filho, Stenio Fiorelli, Ana Carolina A. F.
Ferreira, Camila Pupe, Victor H. V. Bastos, Bruno Pessoa, Carlos B. Nogueira, Beny Schmidt,
Olivia G. Souza, Eduardo R Davidovich, Acary S. B. Oliveira, Pedro Ribeiro
Affiliation: Centro Universitário Augusto Motta, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brasil
Journal: Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria
Citation: Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr. vol.74 no.7 São Paulo July 2016
Publication Year and Month: 2016 07

Abstract: Post-polio syndrome (PPS) is a condition that affects polio survivors years after recovery from an initial acute attack of the poliomyelitis virus. Most often, polio survivors experience a gradual new weakening in muscles that were previously affected by the polio infection. The actual incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in individuals suffering from PPS is not known. However, there is a reason to suspect that individuals with PPS might be at increased risk.

Method

A search for papers was made in the databases Bireme, Scielo and Pubmed with the following keywords: post polio syndrome, cardiorespiratory and rehabilitation in English, French and Spanish languages. Although we targeted only seek current studies on the topic in question, only the relevant (double-blind, randomized-controlled and consensus articles) were considered.

Results and Discussion

Certain features of PPS such as generalized fatigue, generalized and specific muscle weakness, joint and/or muscle pain may result in physical inactivity deconditioning obesity and dyslipidemia. Respiratory difficulties are common and may result in hypoxemia.

Conclusions: Conclusion

Only when evaluated and treated promptly, somE patients can obtain the full benefits of the use of respiratory muscles aids as far as quality of life is concerned.

Outcome of Research: More research required

Availability of Paper:

Comments (if any):

Link to Paper (if available): Click here to view full text or to download


Category: Ageing, Exercise, Falls

Title: Relationship Between Fear of Falling and Physical Activity in People Aging With a Disability
Author: Patricia N. Matsuda PT, PhD, DPT (1) Thomas Eagen PhD, MPH (1) Kimberly P. Hreha EdD, OTR/L (2) Marcia L. Finlayson PhD, OT Reg (Ont), OTR (3) Ivan R. Molton PhD (1)
Affiliation: 1. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA

2. Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX

3. School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada

Journal: PM&R: The Journal of Injury, Function, and Rehabilitation
Citation: Volume 12, Issue 5 p. 454-461
https://doi.org/10.1002/pmrj.12289
Publication Year and Month: 2019 11

Abstract: BACKGROUND
An estimated one billion people worldwide live with some form of disability and may face many challenges as they age, including increased fall risk. Understanding the risk factors linking falls, fear of falling, and activity restriction is critical for developing effective programs to increase activity levels among persons with disabilities.

OBJECTIVES
To determine if differences exist in the level of physical activity in people with different types of conditions associated with disability and to investigate if fear of falling is associated with physical activity in individuals who are aging with a long‐term disability.

DESIGN
Cross‐sectional retrospective design.

SETTING
Community.

PARTICIPANTS
A convenience sample of 1812 community‐dwelling individuals who had one of four diagnoses: multiple sclerosis (MS), muscular dystrophy (MD), spinal cord injury (SCI), or post‐polio syndrome (PPS).

METHODS
Descriptive statistics, chi‐square, and analysis of variance, followed by multivariate linear regression analysis were used to examine the association between physical activity status and fear of falling.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS
Physical activity volume and fear of falling.

RESULTS
After controlling for age, sex, duration of disability, and mobility level, there was variation across diagnostic groups (P < .001). People with SCI reported greater physical activity (M = 25.19) compared to other groups (MS: M = 18.70; MD: M = 21.83; PPS: M = 15.47). Patients with PPS had the greatest concerns about falling (M = 16.08), and patients with MS had the lowest (M = 13.12). Fear of falling was associated with physical activity (P < .001), which remained significant after controlling for diagnosis type, falls history, and level of mobility.

CONCLUSION
Level of physical activity appears to vary among disability diagnoses. These results highlight the importance of addressing fear of falling in people with long‐term disability because fear of falling is associated with physical activity.

Conclusions: Level of physical activity appears to vary among disability diagnoses. These results highlight the importance of addressing fear of falling in people with long‐term disability because fear of falling is associated with physical activity.

Outcome of Research: More research required

Availability of Paper: Paid subscription required to view or download full text.

Comments (if any):

Link to Paper (if available): Click here to view Abstract


Category: Ageing

Title: Review of secondary health conditions in postpolio syndrome: prevalence and effects of aging
Author: McNalley TE, Yorkston KM, Jensen MP, Truitt AR, Schomer KG, Baylor C, Molton IR.
Affiliation: From the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
Journal: American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
Citation: 2015 Feb;94(2):139-45.
Publication Year and Month: 2015 02

Abstract: OBJECTIVE:
This study sought to better understand the prevalence and the severity of secondary health conditions in individuals with postpolio syndrome (PPS) as well as the association between these conditions and aging.

DESIGN:
A scoping literature review was conducted searching electronic databases for studies published from 1986 to 2011. The scoping review provided information regarding the prevalence and associations of secondary health conditions in PPS with age or other duration-related variables.

RESULTS:
The findings indicate that (1) individuals with PPS experience a number of serious secondary health conditions; (2) the most common conditions or symptoms are fatigue, pain, respiratory and sleep complaints, and increased risk for falls; (3) reports of the associations between the frequency or the severity of conditions and age-related factors are variable, perhaps because of methodological inconsistencies between studies; and (4) there is a marked lack of longitudinal research examining the natural course of health conditions in people aging with PPS.

Conclusions: CONCLUSIONS:
Longitudinal research is needed to understand the course of health conditions and the impact of multiple secondary conditions in people aging with PPS. Efforts are also needed to develop and test the efficacy of interventions to prevent these secondary health conditions or reduce their negative impact.

Outcome of Research: More research required

Availability of Paper:

Comments (if any):

Link to Paper (if available): Click here to view full text or to download


Category: Ageing

Title: Secondary conditions and life satisfaction among polio survivors.
Author: Stuifbergen AK
Affiliation: University of Texas, Austin School of Nursing, Austin, TX 78701-1499, USA. [email protected]
Journal: Rehabilitation Nursing
Citation: 2005 Sep-Oct;30(5):173-9
Publication Year and Month: 2005 09

Abstract: Persons living with the effects of polio are often at increased risk for the development of secondary conditions and disabilities that can lead to further decline in health status, independence, functional status, life satisfaction, and overall quality of life. The purpose of this study was to explore the frequency of selected secondary conditions, factors associated with these conditions, and the relationship between secondary conditions and quality of life among polio survivors. Data from a large convenience sample (N = 2,153) indicate that secondary conditions are prevalent and associated with decreased life satisfaction. Prompt identification and treatment of secondary conditions before they progress to greater impairment and/or disability and attention to an overall healthful lifestyle is important to preserve function and maintain quality of life of polio survivors.

Conclusions: Prompt identification and treatment of secondary conditions before they progress to greater impairment and/or disability and attention to an overall healthful lifestyle is important to preserve function and maintain quality of life of polio survivors.

Outcome of Research: More research required

Availability of Paper:

Comments (if any):

Link to Paper (if available): Click here to view Abstract


Category: Ageing

Title: Symptom profiles in individuals aging with post-polio syndrome
Author: Amtmann D, Bamer AM, Verrall A, Salem R, Borson S
Affiliation: Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
Journal: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
Citation: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2013 Oct;61(10):1813-5. doi: 10.1111/jgs.12465
Publication Year and Month: 2013 10

Abstract: This paper does not have an abstract.

Conclusions:

Outcome of Research: Not applicable

Availability of Paper: Paid subscription required to view or download full text.

Comments (if any):

Link to Paper (if available): Click here for preview


There are currently 9 papers in this category.

Category: Ageing

Title: Symptom profiles in individuals aging with post-polio syndrome
Author: Amtmann D, Bamer AM, Verrall A, Salem R, Borson S
Affiliation: Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
Journal: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
Citation: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2013 Oct;61(10):1813-5. doi: 10.1111/jgs.12465
Publication Year and Month: 2013 10

Abstract: This paper does not have an abstract.

Conclusions:

Outcome of Research: Not applicable

Availability of Paper: Paid subscription required to view or download full text.

Comments (if any):

Link to Paper (if available): Click here for preview


Category: Ageing

Title: Cognitive Behavior Therapy combined with Exercise for Adults with Chronic Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Author: Bernard P, Romain AJ, Caudroit J, Chevance G, Carayol M, Gourlan M, Dancause KN, Moullec G
Affiliation: Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Quebec , Canada.
Research Center, University Institute of Mental Health at Montreal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
Laboratory Epsylon, Dynamics of Human Abilities and Health Behavior, University of Montpellier,
Montpellier, France.

Journal: Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association
Citation: May 2018, Vol.37(5), pp.433-450
Publication Year and Month: 2018 05

Abstract: Objective. The present meta-analysis aimed to determine the overall effect of cognitive behavior therapy combined with physical exercise (CBTEx) interventions on depression, anxiety, fatigue, and pain in adults with chronic illness; to identify the potential moderators of efficacy; and to compare the efficacy of CBTEx versus each condition alone (CBT and physical exercise).
Methods. Relevant randomized clinical trials, published before July 2017, were identified through database searches in Pubmed, PsycArticles, CINAHL, SportDiscus and the Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials.
Results. A total of 30 studies were identified. CBTEx interventions yielded small-to-large effect sizes for depression (SMC = -0.34, 95% CI [-0.53; -0.14]), anxiety (SMC = -0.18, 95% CI [-0.34; -0.03]) and fatigue (SMC = -0.96, 95% CI [-1.43; -0.49]). Moderation analyses revealed that longer intervention was associated with greater effect sizes for depression and anxiety outcomes. Low methodological quality was also associated with increased CBTEx efficacy for depression. When compared directly, CBTEx interventions did not show greater efficacy than CBT alone or physical exercise alone for any of the outcomes.

Conclusions: Conclusion. The current literature suggests that CBTEx interventions are effective for decreasing
depression, anxiety, and fatigue symptoms, but not pain. However, the findings do not support an additive effect of CBT and exercise on any of the four outcomes compared to each condition alone.

Outcome of Research: More research required

Availability of Paper:

Comments (if any):

Link to Paper (if available): Click here to view full text or to download


Category: Ageing

Title: Aging and sequelae of poliomyelitis
Author: Laffont I, Julia M, Tiffreau V, Yelnik A, Herisson C, Pelissier J
Affiliation: centre hospitalier régional universitaire de Montpellier, hôpital Lapeyronie, France –
[email protected]
Journal: Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine
Citation: Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2010 Feb;53(1):24-33 – Epub 2009 Nov 10
Publication Year and Month: 2010 02

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: We estimate that there are about 50,000 persons who survived poliomyelitis in their childhood in France (mean age estimated between 50 and 65 years). After a few decades of stability, 30 to 65% of individuals who had been infected and recovered from polio begin to experience new signs and symptoms.

METHOD: Review of the literature on Pubmed with the following keywords "Poliomyelitis" and "Post-Polio Syndrome (PPS)".

RESULTS: These new signs and symptoms are characterized by muscular atrophy (decreased muscle mass), muscle weakness and fatigue, muscle and/or joint pain. All these symptoms lead to significant changes in mobility with falls and inability to carry on with daily life activities. There are several intricate causes. The normal aging process and weight gain are regularly blamed. Respiratory disorders and sleep disorders must be looked for: respiratory insufficiency, sleep-related breathing disorders such as sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome. Orthopedics complications are quite common: soft-tissue pathologies of the upper limbs, degenerative pathologies of the large joints or spinal cord, fall-related fractures. Finally, the onset of an authentic PPS is possible.

Conclusions: The therapeutic care of this late functional deterioration requires regular monitoring check-ups in order to implement preventive measures and appropriate treatment. This therapeutic care must be multidisciplinary as physical rehabilitation, orthotics and technical aids are all essential.

Outcome of Research:

Availability of Paper:

Comments (if any):

Link to Paper (if available):


Category: Ageing

Title: Currents issues in cardiorespiratory care of patients with post-polio syndrome
Author: Marco Orsini, Agnaldo J. Lopes, Fernando S. Guimarães, Marcos R. G. Freitas, Osvaldo J. M.
Nascimento, Mauricio de Sant’ Anna Junior, Pedro Moreira Filho, Stenio Fiorelli, Ana Carolina A. F.
Ferreira, Camila Pupe, Victor H. V. Bastos, Bruno Pessoa, Carlos B. Nogueira, Beny Schmidt,
Olivia G. Souza, Eduardo R Davidovich, Acary S. B. Oliveira, Pedro Ribeiro

Affiliation: Centro Universitário Augusto Motta, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brasil
Journal: Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria
Citation: Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr. vol.74 no.7 São Paulo July 2016
Publication Year and Month: 2016 07

Abstract: Post-polio syndrome (PPS) is a condition that affects polio survivors years after recovery from an initial acute attack of the poliomyelitis virus. Most often, polio survivors experience a gradual new weakening in muscles that were previously affected by the polio infection. The actual incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in individuals suffering from PPS is not known. However, there is a reason to suspect that individuals with PPS might be at increased risk.

Method

A search for papers was made in the databases Bireme, Scielo and Pubmed with the following keywords: post polio syndrome, cardiorespiratory and rehabilitation in English, French and Spanish languages. Although we targeted only seek current studies on the topic in question, only the relevant (double-blind, randomized-controlled and consensus articles) were considered.

Results and Discussion

Certain features of PPS such as generalized fatigue, generalized and specific muscle weakness, joint and/or muscle pain may result in physical inactivity deconditioning obesity and dyslipidemia. Respiratory difficulties are common and may result in hypoxemia.

Conclusions: Conclusion

Only when evaluated and treated promptly, somE patients can obtain the full benefits of the use of respiratory muscles aids as far as quality of life is concerned.

Outcome of Research: More research required

Availability of Paper:

Comments (if any):

Link to Paper (if available): Click here to view full text or to download


Category: Ageing

Title: Changes in Post-Polio Survivors Over Five Years: Symptoms and Reactions to Treatments.
Author: Mary T. Westbrook, PhD.
Affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney.
Journal: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Citation: Proceedings of the 12th World Congress, International Federation of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sydney, March 1995.
Publication Year and Month: 1995 03

Abstract: A group of 176 people with post-polio syndrome, identified using Ramlow et al's (1992) criteria, took part in a 5 year follow-up survey. Most reported increased muscle weakness (91%), fatigue (91%), muscle pain (80%), joint pain (64%) and changes in walking (60%). Increases in other symptoms occurred in less than half the group. Cramps, sensitivity to cold, muscle atrophy and muscle twitching were the symptoms most likely to have stabilised. The average respondent reported greater difficulty in carrying out 4 of the 8 activities of daily living investigated. Respondents were significantly less anxious and depressed about their condition at follow-up. Degree of post-polio changes reported at the time of the first survey was a better predictor of decline during the five years than were initial polio histories or psycho-social variables. Health practitioners most likely to have been consulted were general practitioners and physiotherapists. Specialists in rehabilitation medicine were rated as providing more beneficial treatment than other medical practitioners. Treatments reported to provide good symptom relief included massage and water activities but not exercise. Life style modifications associated with pacing, reduced activity and rest were particularly effective. Overall 68% of respondents considered there was much they could do to control post-polio symptoms.

Conclusions: The results confirm and elaborate the findings of previous lengthier longitudinal studies of post-polio syndrome (Dalakas et al., 1986; Grimby et al., 1994; Mulder et al., 1972) The syndrome typically appears to he progressive with the symptoms increasingly interfering with activities of living. However over time most people in the sample studied coped by trying a range of remedies, particularly treatments prescribed by health practitioners and life style modifications. Many of these helped to alleviate symptoms and although respondents were physically less well at the time of follow-up, the group was significantly less anxious and depressed. However, respondents who had declined most over the five year period described their present lives less positively than did survivors whose symptoms had progressed more slowly.

Polio survivors who exhibited most symptoms of post-polio in the initial survey were those reporting greater progression over the next five years. The reason why may become more apparent when the etiology of post-polio syndrome, which is still not fully understood (Jubelt & Druker, 1993), is elucidated.

Outcome of Research: Not applicable

Availability of Paper: The full text of this paper has been generously made available by the publisher.

Comments (if any): Paul Cavendish (Clinical Health Educator): From a treatment perspective, the role of orthotists and Podiatrists may be increasingly important as Polio survivors age. A significant factor for improvement in lifestyle appears to come from lifestyle modification / strategies to minimise fatigue throughout daily tasks and activities.

Link to Paper (if available): Click here to view full text or to download


Category: Ageing

Title: Review of secondary health conditions in postpolio syndrome: prevalence and effects of aging
Author: McNalley TE, Yorkston KM, Jensen MP, Truitt AR, Schomer KG, Baylor C, Molton IR.
Affiliation: From the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
Journal: American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
Citation: 2015 Feb;94(2):139-45.
Publication Year and Month: 2015 02

Abstract: OBJECTIVE:
This study sought to better understand the prevalence and the severity of secondary health conditions in individuals with postpolio syndrome (PPS) as well as the association between these conditions and aging.

DESIGN:
A scoping literature review was conducted searching electronic databases for studies published from 1986 to 2011. The scoping review provided information regarding the prevalence and associations of secondary health conditions in PPS with age or other duration-related variables.

RESULTS:
The findings indicate that (1) individuals with PPS experience a number of serious secondary health conditions; (2) the most common conditions or symptoms are fatigue, pain, respiratory and sleep complaints, and increased risk for falls; (3) reports of the associations between the frequency or the severity of conditions and age-related factors are variable, perhaps because of methodological inconsistencies between studies; and (4) there is a marked lack of longitudinal research examining the natural course of health conditions in people aging with PPS.

Conclusions: CONCLUSIONS:
Longitudinal research is needed to understand the course of health conditions and the impact of multiple secondary conditions in people aging with PPS. Efforts are also needed to develop and test the efficacy of interventions to prevent these secondary health conditions or reduce their negative impact.

Outcome of Research: More research required

Availability of Paper:

Comments (if any):

Link to Paper (if available): Click here to view full text or to download


Category: Ageing, Exercise, Falls

Title: Relationship Between Fear of Falling and Physical Activity in People Aging With a Disability
Author: Patricia N. Matsuda PT, PhD, DPT (1) Thomas Eagen PhD, MPH (1) Kimberly P. Hreha EdD, OTR/L (2) Marcia L. Finlayson PhD, OT Reg (Ont), OTR (3) Ivan R. Molton PhD (1)
Affiliation: 1. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA

2. Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX

3. School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada

Journal: PM&R: The Journal of Injury, Function, and Rehabilitation
Citation: Volume 12, Issue 5 p. 454-461
https://doi.org/10.1002/pmrj.12289
Publication Year and Month: 2019 11

Abstract: BACKGROUND
An estimated one billion people worldwide live with some form of disability and may face many challenges as they age, including increased fall risk. Understanding the risk factors linking falls, fear of falling, and activity restriction is critical for developing effective programs to increase activity levels among persons with disabilities.

OBJECTIVES
To determine if differences exist in the level of physical activity in people with different types of conditions associated with disability and to investigate if fear of falling is associated with physical activity in individuals who are aging with a long‐term disability.

DESIGN
Cross‐sectional retrospective design.

SETTING
Community.

PARTICIPANTS
A convenience sample of 1812 community‐dwelling individuals who had one of four diagnoses: multiple sclerosis (MS), muscular dystrophy (MD), spinal cord injury (SCI), or post‐polio syndrome (PPS).

METHODS
Descriptive statistics, chi‐square, and analysis of variance, followed by multivariate linear regression analysis were used to examine the association between physical activity status and fear of falling.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS
Physical activity volume and fear of falling.

RESULTS
After controlling for age, sex, duration of disability, and mobility level, there was variation across diagnostic groups (P < .001). People with SCI reported greater physical activity (M = 25.19) compared to other groups (MS: M = 18.70; MD: M = 21.83; PPS: M = 15.47). Patients with PPS had the greatest concerns about falling (M = 16.08), and patients with MS had the lowest (M = 13.12). Fear of falling was associated with physical activity (P < .001), which remained significant after controlling for diagnosis type, falls history, and level of mobility.

CONCLUSION
Level of physical activity appears to vary among disability diagnoses. These results highlight the importance of addressing fear of falling in people with long‐term disability because fear of falling is associated with physical activity.

Conclusions: Level of physical activity appears to vary among disability diagnoses. These results highlight the importance of addressing fear of falling in people with long‐term disability because fear of falling is associated with physical activity.

Outcome of Research: More research required

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Category: Ageing

Title: Secondary conditions and life satisfaction among polio survivors.
Author: Stuifbergen AK
Affiliation: University of Texas, Austin School of Nursing, Austin, TX 78701-1499, USA. [email protected]
Journal: Rehabilitation Nursing
Citation: 2005 Sep-Oct;30(5):173-9
Publication Year and Month: 2005 09

Abstract: Persons living with the effects of polio are often at increased risk for the development of secondary conditions and disabilities that can lead to further decline in health status, independence, functional status, life satisfaction, and overall quality of life. The purpose of this study was to explore the frequency of selected secondary conditions, factors associated with these conditions, and the relationship between secondary conditions and quality of life among polio survivors. Data from a large convenience sample (N = 2,153) indicate that secondary conditions are prevalent and associated with decreased life satisfaction. Prompt identification and treatment of secondary conditions before they progress to greater impairment and/or disability and attention to an overall healthful lifestyle is important to preserve function and maintain quality of life of polio survivors.

Conclusions: Prompt identification and treatment of secondary conditions before they progress to greater impairment and/or disability and attention to an overall healthful lifestyle is important to preserve function and maintain quality of life of polio survivors.

Outcome of Research: More research required

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Category: Ageing, Late Effects of Polio

Title: A Review of Secondary Health Conditions in Post-Polio Syndrome: Prevalence and Effects of Aging
Author: Thomas E. McNalley, MD, MA, Kathryn M. Yorkston, PhD1, Mark P. Jensen, PhD1, Anjali R. Truitt, MPH1, Katherine G. Schomer, MA1, Carolyn Baylor, PhD1, and Ivan R. Molton, PhD1
Affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
Journal: American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
Citation: 94(2): 139–145. doi:10.1097/PHM.0000000000000166
Publication Year and Month: 2015 02

Abstract: Objective—This study seeks to better understand the prevalence and severity of secondary health conditions in individuals with post-polio syndrome (PPS), and the association between these conditions and aging.

Design—A scoping literature review was conducted searching electronic databases for studies published from 1986 – 2011. The scoping review provided information regarding the prevalence and associations of secondary health conditions in PPS with age or other duration-related variables.

Results—The findings indicate that: (1) individuals with PPS experience a number of serious secondary health conditions; (2) the most common conditions or symptoms are fatigue, pain, respiratory and sleep complaints, and increased risk of falls; (3) reports of the associations between the frequency or severity of conditions and age-related factors are variable, perhaps because of methodological inconsistencies between studies; and (4) there is a marked lack of longitudinal research examining the natural course of health conditions in people aging with PPS.

Conclusions—Longitudinal research is needed to understand the course of health conditions and the impact of multiple secondary conditions in people aging with PPS. Efforts are also needed to develop and test the efficacy of interventions to prevent these health secondary conditions or reduce their negative impact.

Keywords
Post-Polio Syndrome; Secondary Conditions; Aging; Scoping Review

Conclusions: The key findings from this scoping review include the following: (1) people with PPS experience a large number of serious secondary health conditions, including fatigue, pain, depression, muscle weakness, pulmonary and sleep disorders, and falls; (2) although comparisons with normative samples are rare, one study suggests that depression has a greater impact on the lives of people with PPS than on the general population; and (3) a number of methodological issues limit our ability to interpret the findings related to the associations between secondary conditions and aging.

Outcome of Research: More research required

Availability of Paper: The full text of this paper has been generously made available by the publisher.

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There are currently 9 papers in this category.

Category: Ageing

Title: Review of secondary health conditions in postpolio syndrome: prevalence and effects of aging
Author: McNalley TE, Yorkston KM, Jensen MP, Truitt AR, Schomer KG, Baylor C, Molton IR.
Affiliation: From the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
Journal: American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
Citation: 2015 Feb;94(2):139-45.
Publication Year and Month: 2015 02

Abstract: OBJECTIVE:
This study sought to better understand the prevalence and the severity of secondary health conditions in individuals with postpolio syndrome (PPS) as well as the association between these conditions and aging.

DESIGN:
A scoping literature review was conducted searching electronic databases for studies published from 1986 to 2011. The scoping review provided information regarding the prevalence and associations of secondary health conditions in PPS with age or other duration-related variables.

RESULTS:
The findings indicate that (1) individuals with PPS experience a number of serious secondary health conditions; (2) the most common conditions or symptoms are fatigue, pain, respiratory and sleep complaints, and increased risk for falls; (3) reports of the associations between the frequency or the severity of conditions and age-related factors are variable, perhaps because of methodological inconsistencies between studies; and (4) there is a marked lack of longitudinal research examining the natural course of health conditions in people aging with PPS.

Conclusions: CONCLUSIONS:
Longitudinal research is needed to understand the course of health conditions and the impact of multiple secondary conditions in people aging with PPS. Efforts are also needed to develop and test the efficacy of interventions to prevent these secondary health conditions or reduce their negative impact.

Outcome of Research: More research required

Availability of Paper:

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Category: Ageing, Late Effects of Polio

Title: A Review of Secondary Health Conditions in Post-Polio Syndrome: Prevalence and Effects of Aging
Author: Thomas E. McNalley, MD, MA, Kathryn M. Yorkston, PhD1, Mark P. Jensen, PhD1, Anjali R. Truitt, MPH1, Katherine G. Schomer, MA1, Carolyn Baylor, PhD1, and Ivan R. Molton, PhD1
Affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
Journal: American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
Citation: 94(2): 139–145. doi:10.1097/PHM.0000000000000166
Publication Year and Month: 2015 02

Abstract: Objective—This study seeks to better understand the prevalence and severity of secondary health conditions in individuals with post-polio syndrome (PPS), and the association between these conditions and aging.

Design—A scoping literature review was conducted searching electronic databases for studies published from 1986 – 2011. The scoping review provided information regarding the prevalence and associations of secondary health conditions in PPS with age or other duration-related variables.

Results—The findings indicate that: (1) individuals with PPS experience a number of serious secondary health conditions; (2) the most common conditions or symptoms are fatigue, pain, respiratory and sleep complaints, and increased risk of falls; (3) reports of the associations between the frequency or severity of conditions and age-related factors are variable, perhaps because of methodological inconsistencies between studies; and (4) there is a marked lack of longitudinal research examining the natural course of health conditions in people aging with PPS.

Conclusions—Longitudinal research is needed to understand the course of health conditions and the impact of multiple secondary conditions in people aging with PPS. Efforts are also needed to develop and test the efficacy of interventions to prevent these health secondary conditions or reduce their negative impact.

Keywords
Post-Polio Syndrome; Secondary Conditions; Aging; Scoping Review

Conclusions: The key findings from this scoping review include the following: (1) people with PPS experience a large number of serious secondary health conditions, including fatigue, pain, depression, muscle weakness, pulmonary and sleep disorders, and falls; (2) although comparisons with normative samples are rare, one study suggests that depression has a greater impact on the lives of people with PPS than on the general population; and (3) a number of methodological issues limit our ability to interpret the findings related to the associations between secondary conditions and aging.

Outcome of Research: More research required

Availability of Paper: The full text of this paper has been generously made available by the publisher.

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Category: Ageing

Title: Aging and sequelae of poliomyelitis
Author: Laffont I, Julia M, Tiffreau V, Yelnik A, Herisson C, Pelissier J
Affiliation: centre hospitalier régional universitaire de Montpellier, hôpital Lapeyronie, France –
[email protected]
Journal: Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine
Citation: Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2010 Feb;53(1):24-33 – Epub 2009 Nov 10
Publication Year and Month: 2010 02

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: We estimate that there are about 50,000 persons who survived poliomyelitis in their childhood in France (mean age estimated between 50 and 65 years). After a few decades of stability, 30 to 65% of individuals who had been infected and recovered from polio begin to experience new signs and symptoms.

METHOD: Review of the literature on Pubmed with the following keywords "Poliomyelitis" and "Post-Polio Syndrome (PPS)".

RESULTS: These new signs and symptoms are characterized by muscular atrophy (decreased muscle mass), muscle weakness and fatigue, muscle and/or joint pain. All these symptoms lead to significant changes in mobility with falls and inability to carry on with daily life activities. There are several intricate causes. The normal aging process and weight gain are regularly blamed. Respiratory disorders and sleep disorders must be looked for: respiratory insufficiency, sleep-related breathing disorders such as sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome. Orthopedics complications are quite common: soft-tissue pathologies of the upper limbs, degenerative pathologies of the large joints or spinal cord, fall-related fractures. Finally, the onset of an authentic PPS is possible.

Conclusions: The therapeutic care of this late functional deterioration requires regular monitoring check-ups in order to implement preventive measures and appropriate treatment. This therapeutic care must be multidisciplinary as physical rehabilitation, orthotics and technical aids are all essential.

Outcome of Research:

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Category: Ageing

Title: Changes in Post-Polio Survivors Over Five Years: Symptoms and Reactions to Treatments.
Author: Mary T. Westbrook, PhD.
Affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney.
Journal: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Citation: Proceedings of the 12th World Congress, International Federation of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sydney, March 1995.
Publication Year and Month: 1995 03

Abstract: A group of 176 people with post-polio syndrome, identified using Ramlow et al's (1992) criteria, took part in a 5 year follow-up survey. Most reported increased muscle weakness (91%), fatigue (91%), muscle pain (80%), joint pain (64%) and changes in walking (60%). Increases in other symptoms occurred in less than half the group. Cramps, sensitivity to cold, muscle atrophy and muscle twitching were the symptoms most likely to have stabilised. The average respondent reported greater difficulty in carrying out 4 of the 8 activities of daily living investigated. Respondents were significantly less anxious and depressed about their condition at follow-up. Degree of post-polio changes reported at the time of the first survey was a better predictor of decline during the five years than were initial polio histories or psycho-social variables. Health practitioners most likely to have been consulted were general practitioners and physiotherapists. Specialists in rehabilitation medicine were rated as providing more beneficial treatment than other medical practitioners. Treatments reported to provide good symptom relief included massage and water activities but not exercise. Life style modifications associated with pacing, reduced activity and rest were particularly effective. Overall 68% of respondents considered there was much they could do to control post-polio symptoms.

Conclusions: The results confirm and elaborate the findings of previous lengthier longitudinal studies of post-polio syndrome (Dalakas et al., 1986; Grimby et al., 1994; Mulder et al., 1972) The syndrome typically appears to he progressive with the symptoms increasingly interfering with activities of living. However over time most people in the sample studied coped by trying a range of remedies, particularly treatments prescribed by health practitioners and life style modifications. Many of these helped to alleviate symptoms and although respondents were physically less well at the time of follow-up, the group was significantly less anxious and depressed. However, respondents who had declined most over the five year period described their present lives less positively than did survivors whose symptoms had progressed more slowly.

Polio survivors who exhibited most symptoms of post-polio in the initial survey were those reporting greater progression over the next five years. The reason why may become more apparent when the etiology of post-polio syndrome, which is still not fully understood (Jubelt & Druker, 1993), is elucidated.

Outcome of Research: Not applicable

Availability of Paper: The full text of this paper has been generously made available by the publisher.

Comments (if any): Paul Cavendish (Clinical Health Educator): From a treatment perspective, the role of orthotists and Podiatrists may be increasingly important as Polio survivors age. A significant factor for improvement in lifestyle appears to come from lifestyle modification / strategies to minimise fatigue throughout daily tasks and activities.

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Category: Ageing

Title: Currents issues in cardiorespiratory care of patients with post-polio syndrome
Author: Marco Orsini, Agnaldo J. Lopes, Fernando S. Guimarães, Marcos R. G. Freitas, Osvaldo J. M.
Nascimento, Mauricio de Sant’ Anna Junior, Pedro Moreira Filho, Stenio Fiorelli, Ana Carolina A. F.
Ferreira, Camila Pupe, Victor H. V. Bastos, Bruno Pessoa, Carlos B. Nogueira, Beny Schmidt,
Olivia G. Souza, Eduardo R Davidovich, Acary S. B. Oliveira, Pedro Ribeiro
Affiliation: Centro Universitário Augusto Motta, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brasil
Journal: Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria
Citation: Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr. vol.74 no.7 São Paulo July 2016
Publication Year and Month: 2016 07

Abstract: Post-polio syndrome (PPS) is a condition that affects polio survivors years after recovery from an initial acute attack of the poliomyelitis virus. Most often, polio survivors experience a gradual new weakening in muscles that were previously affected by the polio infection. The actual incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in individuals suffering from PPS is not known. However, there is a reason to suspect that individuals with PPS might be at increased risk.

Method

A search for papers was made in the databases Bireme, Scielo and Pubmed with the following keywords: post polio syndrome, cardiorespiratory and rehabilitation in English, French and Spanish languages. Although we targeted only seek current studies on the topic in question, only the relevant (double-blind, randomized-controlled and consensus articles) were considered.

Results and Discussion

Certain features of PPS such as generalized fatigue, generalized and specific muscle weakness, joint and/or muscle pain may result in physical inactivity deconditioning obesity and dyslipidemia. Respiratory difficulties are common and may result in hypoxemia.

Conclusions: Conclusion

Only when evaluated and treated promptly, somE patients can obtain the full benefits of the use of respiratory muscles aids as far as quality of life is concerned.

Outcome of Research: More research required

Availability of Paper:

Comments (if any):

Link to Paper (if available): Click here to view full text or to download


Category: Ageing

Title: Cognitive Behavior Therapy combined with Exercise for Adults with Chronic Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Author: Bernard P, Romain AJ, Caudroit J, Chevance G, Carayol M, Gourlan M, Dancause KN, Moullec G
Affiliation: Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Quebec , Canada.
Research Center, University Institute of Mental Health at Montreal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
Laboratory Epsylon, Dynamics of Human Abilities and Health Behavior, University of Montpellier,
Montpellier, France.

Journal: Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association
Citation: May 2018, Vol.37(5), pp.433-450
Publication Year and Month: 2018 05

Abstract: Objective. The present meta-analysis aimed to determine the overall effect of cognitive behavior therapy combined with physical exercise (CBTEx) interventions on depression, anxiety, fatigue, and pain in adults with chronic illness; to identify the potential moderators of efficacy; and to compare the efficacy of CBTEx versus each condition alone (CBT and physical exercise).
Methods. Relevant randomized clinical trials, published before July 2017, were identified through database searches in Pubmed, PsycArticles, CINAHL, SportDiscus and the Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials.
Results. A total of 30 studies were identified. CBTEx interventions yielded small-to-large effect sizes for depression (SMC = -0.34, 95% CI [-0.53; -0.14]), anxiety (SMC = -0.18, 95% CI [-0.34; -0.03]) and fatigue (SMC = -0.96, 95% CI [-1.43; -0.49]). Moderation analyses revealed that longer intervention was associated with greater effect sizes for depression and anxiety outcomes. Low methodological quality was also associated with increased CBTEx efficacy for depression. When compared directly, CBTEx interventions did not show greater efficacy than CBT alone or physical exercise alone for any of the outcomes.

Conclusions: Conclusion. The current literature suggests that CBTEx interventions are effective for decreasing
depression, anxiety, and fatigue symptoms, but not pain. However, the findings do not support an additive effect of CBT and exercise on any of the four outcomes compared to each condition alone.

Outcome of Research: More research required

Availability of Paper:

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Category: Ageing

Title: Symptom profiles in individuals aging with post-polio syndrome
Author: Amtmann D, Bamer AM, Verrall A, Salem R, Borson S
Affiliation: Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
Journal: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
Citation: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2013 Oct;61(10):1813-5. doi: 10.1111/jgs.12465
Publication Year and Month: 2013 10

Abstract: This paper does not have an abstract.

Conclusions:

Outcome of Research: Not applicable

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Category: Ageing, Exercise, Falls

Title: Relationship Between Fear of Falling and Physical Activity in People Aging With a Disability
Author: Patricia N. Matsuda PT, PhD, DPT (1) Thomas Eagen PhD, MPH (1) Kimberly P. Hreha EdD, OTR/L (2) Marcia L. Finlayson PhD, OT Reg (Ont), OTR (3) Ivan R. Molton PhD (1)
Affiliation: 1. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA

2. Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX

3. School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada

Journal: PM&R: The Journal of Injury, Function, and Rehabilitation
Citation: Volume 12, Issue 5 p. 454-461
https://doi.org/10.1002/pmrj.12289
Publication Year and Month: 2019 11

Abstract: BACKGROUND
An estimated one billion people worldwide live with some form of disability and may face many challenges as they age, including increased fall risk. Understanding the risk factors linking falls, fear of falling, and activity restriction is critical for developing effective programs to increase activity levels among persons with disabilities.

OBJECTIVES
To determine if differences exist in the level of physical activity in people with different types of conditions associated with disability and to investigate if fear of falling is associated with physical activity in individuals who are aging with a long‐term disability.

DESIGN
Cross‐sectional retrospective design.

SETTING
Community.

PARTICIPANTS
A convenience sample of 1812 community‐dwelling individuals who had one of four diagnoses: multiple sclerosis (MS), muscular dystrophy (MD), spinal cord injury (SCI), or post‐polio syndrome (PPS).

METHODS
Descriptive statistics, chi‐square, and analysis of variance, followed by multivariate linear regression analysis were used to examine the association between physical activity status and fear of falling.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS
Physical activity volume and fear of falling.

RESULTS
After controlling for age, sex, duration of disability, and mobility level, there was variation across diagnostic groups (P < .001). People with SCI reported greater physical activity (M = 25.19) compared to other groups (MS: M = 18.70; MD: M = 21.83; PPS: M = 15.47). Patients with PPS had the greatest concerns about falling (M = 16.08), and patients with MS had the lowest (M = 13.12). Fear of falling was associated with physical activity (P < .001), which remained significant after controlling for diagnosis type, falls history, and level of mobility.

CONCLUSION
Level of physical activity appears to vary among disability diagnoses. These results highlight the importance of addressing fear of falling in people with long‐term disability because fear of falling is associated with physical activity.

Conclusions: Level of physical activity appears to vary among disability diagnoses. These results highlight the importance of addressing fear of falling in people with long‐term disability because fear of falling is associated with physical activity.

Outcome of Research: More research required

Availability of Paper: Paid subscription required to view or download full text.

Comments (if any):

Link to Paper (if available): Click here to view Abstract


Category: Ageing

Title: Secondary conditions and life satisfaction among polio survivors.
Author: Stuifbergen AK
Affiliation: University of Texas, Austin School of Nursing, Austin, TX 78701-1499, USA. [email protected]
Journal: Rehabilitation Nursing
Citation: 2005 Sep-Oct;30(5):173-9
Publication Year and Month: 2005 09

Abstract: Persons living with the effects of polio are often at increased risk for the development of secondary conditions and disabilities that can lead to further decline in health status, independence, functional status, life satisfaction, and overall quality of life. The purpose of this study was to explore the frequency of selected secondary conditions, factors associated with these conditions, and the relationship between secondary conditions and quality of life among polio survivors. Data from a large convenience sample (N = 2,153) indicate that secondary conditions are prevalent and associated with decreased life satisfaction. Prompt identification and treatment of secondary conditions before they progress to greater impairment and/or disability and attention to an overall healthful lifestyle is important to preserve function and maintain quality of life of polio survivors.

Conclusions: Prompt identification and treatment of secondary conditions before they progress to greater impairment and/or disability and attention to an overall healthful lifestyle is important to preserve function and maintain quality of life of polio survivors.

Outcome of Research: More research required

Availability of Paper:

Comments (if any):

Link to Paper (if available): Click here to view Abstract


There is currently 9 paper in this category.

Category: Ageing, Exercise, Falls

Title: Relationship Between Fear of Falling and Physical Activity in People Aging With a Disability
Author: Patricia N. Matsuda PT, PhD, DPT (1) Thomas Eagen PhD, MPH (1) Kimberly P. Hreha EdD, OTR/L (2) Marcia L. Finlayson PhD, OT Reg (Ont), OTR (3) Ivan R. Molton PhD (1)
Affiliation: 1. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA

2. Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX

3. School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada

Journal: PM&R: The Journal of Injury, Function, and Rehabilitation
Citation: Volume 12, Issue 5 p. 454-461
https://doi.org/10.1002/pmrj.12289
Publication Year and Month: 2019 11

Abstract: BACKGROUND
An estimated one billion people worldwide live with some form of disability and may face many challenges as they age, including increased fall risk. Understanding the risk factors linking falls, fear of falling, and activity restriction is critical for developing effective programs to increase activity levels among persons with disabilities.

OBJECTIVES
To determine if differences exist in the level of physical activity in people with different types of conditions associated with disability and to investigate if fear of falling is associated with physical activity in individuals who are aging with a long‐term disability.

DESIGN
Cross‐sectional retrospective design.

SETTING
Community.

PARTICIPANTS
A convenience sample of 1812 community‐dwelling individuals who had one of four diagnoses: multiple sclerosis (MS), muscular dystrophy (MD), spinal cord injury (SCI), or post‐polio syndrome (PPS).

METHODS
Descriptive statistics, chi‐square, and analysis of variance, followed by multivariate linear regression analysis were used to examine the association between physical activity status and fear of falling.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS
Physical activity volume and fear of falling.

RESULTS
After controlling for age, sex, duration of disability, and mobility level, there was variation across diagnostic groups (P < .001). People with SCI reported greater physical activity (M = 25.19) compared to other groups (MS: M = 18.70; MD: M = 21.83; PPS: M = 15.47). Patients with PPS had the greatest concerns about falling (M = 16.08), and patients with MS had the lowest (M = 13.12). Fear of falling was associated with physical activity (P < .001), which remained significant after controlling for diagnosis type, falls history, and level of mobility.

CONCLUSION
Level of physical activity appears to vary among disability diagnoses. These results highlight the importance of addressing fear of falling in people with long‐term disability because fear of falling is associated with physical activity.

Conclusions: Level of physical activity appears to vary among disability diagnoses. These results highlight the importance of addressing fear of falling in people with long‐term disability because fear of falling is associated with physical activity.

Outcome of Research: More research required

Availability of Paper: Paid subscription required to view or download full text.

Comments (if any):

Link to Paper (if available): Click here to view Abstract


Category: Ageing

Title: Cognitive Behavior Therapy combined with Exercise for Adults with Chronic Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Author: Bernard P, Romain AJ, Caudroit J, Chevance G, Carayol M, Gourlan M, Dancause KN, Moullec G
Affiliation: Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Quebec , Canada.
Research Center, University Institute of Mental Health at Montreal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
Laboratory Epsylon, Dynamics of Human Abilities and Health Behavior, University of Montpellier,
Montpellier, France.

Journal: Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association
Citation: May 2018, Vol.37(5), pp.433-450
Publication Year and Month: 2018 05

Abstract: Objective. The present meta-analysis aimed to determine the overall effect of cognitive behavior therapy combined with physical exercise (CBTEx) interventions on depression, anxiety, fatigue, and pain in adults with chronic illness; to identify the potential moderators of efficacy; and to compare the efficacy of CBTEx versus each condition alone (CBT and physical exercise).
Methods. Relevant randomized clinical trials, published before July 2017, were identified through database searches in Pubmed, PsycArticles, CINAHL, SportDiscus and the Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials.
Results. A total of 30 studies were identified. CBTEx interventions yielded small-to-large effect sizes for depression (SMC = -0.34, 95% CI [-0.53; -0.14]), anxiety (SMC = -0.18, 95% CI [-0.34; -0.03]) and fatigue (SMC = -0.96, 95% CI [-1.43; -0.49]). Moderation analyses revealed that longer intervention was associated with greater effect sizes for depression and anxiety outcomes. Low methodological quality was also associated with increased CBTEx efficacy for depression. When compared directly, CBTEx interventions did not show greater efficacy than CBT alone or physical exercise alone for any of the outcomes.

Conclusions: Conclusion. The current literature suggests that CBTEx interventions are effective for decreasing
depression, anxiety, and fatigue symptoms, but not pain. However, the findings do not support an additive effect of CBT and exercise on any of the four outcomes compared to each condition alone.

Outcome of Research: More research required

Availability of Paper:

Comments (if any):

Link to Paper (if available): Click here to view full text or to download


Category: Ageing

Title: Currents issues in cardiorespiratory care of patients with post-polio syndrome
Author: Marco Orsini, Agnaldo J. Lopes, Fernando S. Guimarães, Marcos R. G. Freitas, Osvaldo J. M.
Nascimento, Mauricio de Sant’ Anna Junior, Pedro Moreira Filho, Stenio Fiorelli, Ana Carolina A. F.
Ferreira, Camila Pupe, Victor H. V. Bastos, Bruno Pessoa, Carlos B. Nogueira, Beny Schmidt,
Olivia G. Souza, Eduardo R Davidovich, Acary S. B. Oliveira, Pedro Ribeiro
Affiliation: Centro Universitário Augusto Motta, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brasil
Journal: Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria
Citation: Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr. vol.74 no.7 São Paulo July 2016
Publication Year and Month: 2016 07

Abstract: Post-polio syndrome (PPS) is a condition that affects polio survivors years after recovery from an initial acute attack of the poliomyelitis virus. Most often, polio survivors experience a gradual new weakening in muscles that were previously affected by the polio infection. The actual incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in individuals suffering from PPS is not known. However, there is a reason to suspect that individuals with PPS might be at increased risk.

Method

A search for papers was made in the databases Bireme, Scielo and Pubmed with the following keywords: post polio syndrome, cardiorespiratory and rehabilitation in English, French and Spanish languages. Although we targeted only seek current studies on the topic in question, only the relevant (double-blind, randomized-controlled and consensus articles) were considered.

Results and Discussion

Certain features of PPS such as generalized fatigue, generalized and specific muscle weakness, joint and/or muscle pain may result in physical inactivity deconditioning obesity and dyslipidemia. Respiratory difficulties are common and may result in hypoxemia.

Conclusions: Conclusion

Only when evaluated and treated promptly, somE patients can obtain the full benefits of the use of respiratory muscles aids as far as quality of life is concerned.

Outcome of Research: More research required

Availability of Paper:

Comments (if any):

Link to Paper (if available): Click here to view full text or to download


Category: Ageing

Title: Review of secondary health conditions in postpolio syndrome: prevalence and effects of aging
Author: McNalley TE, Yorkston KM, Jensen MP, Truitt AR, Schomer KG, Baylor C, Molton IR.
Affiliation: From the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
Journal: American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
Citation: 2015 Feb;94(2):139-45.
Publication Year and Month: 2015 02

Abstract: OBJECTIVE:
This study sought to better understand the prevalence and the severity of secondary health conditions in individuals with postpolio syndrome (PPS) as well as the association between these conditions and aging.

DESIGN:
A scoping literature review was conducted searching electronic databases for studies published from 1986 to 2011. The scoping review provided information regarding the prevalence and associations of secondary health conditions in PPS with age or other duration-related variables.

RESULTS:
The findings indicate that (1) individuals with PPS experience a number of serious secondary health conditions; (2) the most common conditions or symptoms are fatigue, pain, respiratory and sleep complaints, and increased risk for falls; (3) reports of the associations between the frequency or the severity of conditions and age-related factors are variable, perhaps because of methodological inconsistencies between studies; and (4) there is a marked lack of longitudinal research examining the natural course of health conditions in people aging with PPS.

Conclusions: CONCLUSIONS:
Longitudinal research is needed to understand the course of health conditions and the impact of multiple secondary conditions in people aging with PPS. Efforts are also needed to develop and test the efficacy of interventions to prevent these secondary health conditions or reduce their negative impact.

Outcome of Research: More research required

Availability of Paper:

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Category: Ageing, Late Effects of Polio

Title: A Review of Secondary Health Conditions in Post-Polio Syndrome: Prevalence and Effects of Aging
Author: Thomas E. McNalley, MD, MA, Kathryn M. Yorkston, PhD1, Mark P. Jensen, PhD1, Anjali R. Truitt, MPH1, Katherine G. Schomer, MA1, Carolyn Baylor, PhD1, and Ivan R. Molton, PhD1
Affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
Journal: American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
Citation: 94(2): 139–145. doi:10.1097/PHM.0000000000000166
Publication Year and Month: 2015 02

Abstract: Objective—This study seeks to better understand the prevalence and severity of secondary health conditions in individuals with post-polio syndrome (PPS), and the association between these conditions and aging.

Design—A scoping literature review was conducted searching electronic databases for studies published from 1986 – 2011. The scoping review provided information regarding the prevalence and associations of secondary health conditions in PPS with age or other duration-related variables.

Results—The findings indicate that: (1) individuals with PPS experience a number of serious secondary health conditions; (2) the most common conditions or symptoms are fatigue, pain, respiratory and sleep complaints, and increased risk of falls; (3) reports of the associations between the frequency or severity of conditions and age-related factors are variable, perhaps because of methodological inconsistencies between studies; and (4) there is a marked lack of longitudinal research examining the natural course of health conditions in people aging with PPS.

Conclusions—Longitudinal research is needed to understand the course of health conditions and the impact of multiple secondary conditions in people aging with PPS. Efforts are also needed to develop and test the efficacy of interventions to prevent these health secondary conditions or reduce their negative impact.

Keywords
Post-Polio Syndrome; Secondary Conditions; Aging; Scoping Review

Conclusions: The key findings from this scoping review include the following: (1) people with PPS experience a large number of serious secondary health conditions, including fatigue, pain, depression, muscle weakness, pulmonary and sleep disorders, and falls; (2) although comparisons with normative samples are rare, one study suggests that depression has a greater impact on the lives of people with PPS than on the general population; and (3) a number of methodological issues limit our ability to interpret the findings related to the associations between secondary conditions and aging.

Outcome of Research: More research required

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Category: Ageing

Title: Symptom profiles in individuals aging with post-polio syndrome
Author: Amtmann D, Bamer AM, Verrall A, Salem R, Borson S
Affiliation: Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
Journal: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
Citation: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2013 Oct;61(10):1813-5. doi: 10.1111/jgs.12465
Publication Year and Month: 2013 10

Abstract: This paper does not have an abstract.

Conclusions:

Outcome of Research: Not applicable

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Category: Ageing

Title: Aging and sequelae of poliomyelitis
Author: Laffont I, Julia M, Tiffreau V, Yelnik A, Herisson C, Pelissier J
Affiliation: centre hospitalier régional universitaire de Montpellier, hôpital Lapeyronie, France –
[email protected]
Journal: Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine
Citation: Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2010 Feb;53(1):24-33 – Epub 2009 Nov 10
Publication Year and Month: 2010 02

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: We estimate that there are about 50,000 persons who survived poliomyelitis in their childhood in France (mean age estimated between 50 and 65 years). After a few decades of stability, 30 to 65% of individuals who had been infected and recovered from polio begin to experience new signs and symptoms.

METHOD: Review of the literature on Pubmed with the following keywords "Poliomyelitis" and "Post-Polio Syndrome (PPS)".

RESULTS: These new signs and symptoms are characterized by muscular atrophy (decreased muscle mass), muscle weakness and fatigue, muscle and/or joint pain. All these symptoms lead to significant changes in mobility with falls and inability to carry on with daily life activities. There are several intricate causes. The normal aging process and weight gain are regularly blamed. Respiratory disorders and sleep disorders must be looked for: respiratory insufficiency, sleep-related breathing disorders such as sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome. Orthopedics complications are quite common: soft-tissue pathologies of the upper limbs, degenerative pathologies of the large joints or spinal cord, fall-related fractures. Finally, the onset of an authentic PPS is possible.

Conclusions: The therapeutic care of this late functional deterioration requires regular monitoring check-ups in order to implement preventive measures and appropriate treatment. This therapeutic care must be multidisciplinary as physical rehabilitation, orthotics and technical aids are all essential.

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Category: Ageing

Title: Secondary conditions and life satisfaction among polio survivors.
Author: Stuifbergen AK
Affiliation: University of Texas, Austin School of Nursing, Austin, TX 78701-1499, USA. [email protected]
Journal: Rehabilitation Nursing
Citation: 2005 Sep-Oct;30(5):173-9
Publication Year and Month: 2005 09

Abstract: Persons living with the effects of polio are often at increased risk for the development of secondary conditions and disabilities that can lead to further decline in health status, independence, functional status, life satisfaction, and overall quality of life. The purpose of this study was to explore the frequency of selected secondary conditions, factors associated with these conditions, and the relationship between secondary conditions and quality of life among polio survivors. Data from a large convenience sample (N = 2,153) indicate that secondary conditions are prevalent and associated with decreased life satisfaction. Prompt identification and treatment of secondary conditions before they progress to greater impairment and/or disability and attention to an overall healthful lifestyle is important to preserve function and maintain quality of life of polio survivors.

Conclusions: Prompt identification and treatment of secondary conditions before they progress to greater impairment and/or disability and attention to an overall healthful lifestyle is important to preserve function and maintain quality of life of polio survivors.

Outcome of Research: More research required

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Category: Ageing

Title: Changes in Post-Polio Survivors Over Five Years: Symptoms and Reactions to Treatments.
Author: Mary T. Westbrook, PhD.
Affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney.
Journal: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Citation: Proceedings of the 12th World Congress, International Federation of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sydney, March 1995.
Publication Year and Month: 1995 03

Abstract: A group of 176 people with post-polio syndrome, identified using Ramlow et al's (1992) criteria, took part in a 5 year follow-up survey. Most reported increased muscle weakness (91%), fatigue (91%), muscle pain (80%), joint pain (64%) and changes in walking (60%). Increases in other symptoms occurred in less than half the group. Cramps, sensitivity to cold, muscle atrophy and muscle twitching were the symptoms most likely to have stabilised. The average respondent reported greater difficulty in carrying out 4 of the 8 activities of daily living investigated. Respondents were significantly less anxious and depressed about their condition at follow-up. Degree of post-polio changes reported at the time of the first survey was a better predictor of decline during the five years than were initial polio histories or psycho-social variables. Health practitioners most likely to have been consulted were general practitioners and physiotherapists. Specialists in rehabilitation medicine were rated as providing more beneficial treatment than other medical practitioners. Treatments reported to provide good symptom relief included massage and water activities but not exercise. Life style modifications associated with pacing, reduced activity and rest were particularly effective. Overall 68% of respondents considered there was much they could do to control post-polio symptoms.

Conclusions: The results confirm and elaborate the findings of previous lengthier longitudinal studies of post-polio syndrome (Dalakas et al., 1986; Grimby et al., 1994; Mulder et al., 1972) The syndrome typically appears to he progressive with the symptoms increasingly interfering with activities of living. However over time most people in the sample studied coped by trying a range of remedies, particularly treatments prescribed by health practitioners and life style modifications. Many of these helped to alleviate symptoms and although respondents were physically less well at the time of follow-up, the group was significantly less anxious and depressed. However, respondents who had declined most over the five year period described their present lives less positively than did survivors whose symptoms had progressed more slowly.

Polio survivors who exhibited most symptoms of post-polio in the initial survey were those reporting greater progression over the next five years. The reason why may become more apparent when the etiology of post-polio syndrome, which is still not fully understood (Jubelt & Druker, 1993), is elucidated.

Outcome of Research: Not applicable

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Comments (if any): Paul Cavendish (Clinical Health Educator): From a treatment perspective, the role of orthotists and Podiatrists may be increasingly important as Polio survivors age. A significant factor for improvement in lifestyle appears to come from lifestyle modification / strategies to minimise fatigue throughout daily tasks and activities.

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There are currently 9 papers in this category.

Outcomes of Research or Clinical Trials Activity Levels Acute Flaccid Paralysis Ageing Anaerobic Threshold Anaesthesia Assistive Technology Brain Cardiorespiratory Cardiovascular Clinical Evaluation Cold Intolerance Complementary Therapies Continence Coping Styles and Strategies Cultural Context Diagnosis and Management Differential Diagnosis Drugs Dysphagia Dysphonia Epidemiology Exercise Falls Fatigue Fractures Gender Differences Immune Response Inflammation Late Effects of Polio Muscle Strength Muscular Atrophy Orthoses Pain Polio Immunisation Post-Polio Motor Unit Psychology Quality of Life Renal Complications Respiratory Complications and Management Restless Legs Syndrome Sleep Analaysis Surgery Vitality Vocational Implications